buy custom The United States essay

buy custom The United States essay United States was a democratic country with open society and based on freedom of an individual. It was an open society that was protected by laws as it was defined by the constitution of the United States. At the same time, market mechanism that was based on American society, allowed individuals or private firms, to engage in free trade or exchange without interferences from government authority arbitrary actions. This resulted to various conflicts like the conflict between the open society, social values and market values. This was covered up during the era of President Ronald Reagans presidency in 1980s. People elected their representatives in United States to represent them at various levers of power. Those representatives were supposed to represent the peoples interest but contrary, they put their interest ahead mainly due to money and the capitalism effect as they tried to maximize on the amount of profits that got into their pockets. This is how the capitalism and issues to do with money affected the social welfare of the people and the public interest. This generally brought conflict between the public and private interest. In United States, the political process was supposed to serve interest of the common people but this changed with time. In Americas politics, capitalism hijacked the interest of politicians to help the society; instead they served their own interests. The elected representatives were beholden by their election financers and not electorate interests. This brought conflict between the society and the whole idea behind the capitalism. That conflict was extended even to social sector where few rich people target was to make profits through social amenities. This was due to special interest people were putting on their priorities. Although a lot was being done by the United States government, the overall winner was few individuals who were continuing to gain. They were gaining more and more profits making a lot people to join the idea behind serving their own interest. In Britain, mercantilism reduced in mid-18th century when an economic theorist group led by Adam Smith, challenged the doctrines of mercantilist in believing that the wealth of the world was to remain constant. They went ahead to say that the state would increase its wealth on expense of another. In mid 18th century, there rose industrial capitalism which was made possible by accumulation of huge amount of capital, that was under the merchant phase of capitalism and its investment in the machinery. The industrial capitalism which is dated from 18th century signified the start of the systems of manufacturing development, complex labor division within the work process and the global domination of capitalism production mode. The resulted industrial revolution was the merchant being replaced by industrialist, who became dominant in capitalist system. This made a declination of the traditional handicraft skills of the artisans, journeymen and the guilds. Also in this era, capitalism marke d the change of relations between peasants and the British landowning gentry. This transformation gave rise to cash crop production mainly for market rather than for subsistence use. There was increased agriculture mechanization which was mainly encouraged by the surplus generated by commercial agriculture rise in Britain. Another major change that resulted due to rise of industrial capitalism was the decline of mercantilism. In Mid to late 19th century, Britain was broadly considered as the typical case of laissez faire capitalism which gained a lot of favor over mercantilism in 1840s in Britain. In same years, there was a repeal of the com laws and navigation Acts, these were in line with the teachings of Adam Smith and David Ricardo who were classical political economists. Britain embraced liberalism where it encouraged competition and market economy development. Buy custom The United States essay

Drugs History And Definition Essays - Opioids, Euphoriants, Morphine

Drugs History And Definition Essays - Opioids, Euphoriants, Morphine Drugs History And Definition History / Definition Drugs have a long and notorious history for altering minds. Drugs are used as a way of escaping reality and disappearing into another world. In this speech, I will assist you in understanding the history and definitions of various drugs. My proposed findings are based upon information I have gathered from a variety of what I believed to be reputable and credible sources. Therefore, according to Professor Blum, from the University of Chicago the original home of cannabis is thought to be Central Asia, but has spread around the globe with the exception of the Arctic regions and areas of wet tropical forests. Early in its historythe Chinese undoubtedly used it as a hallucinogen. 1500 years later when they had their first contact with Europeans the drug had fallen into decline. However, its value had become a primary source of fiber and there is record of hemp cultivation dating back to Neolithic times. The United States declared marijuana as an illegal drug in 1937. It has been a source of great controversy ever since. Another popular drug widely used in the United States is cocaine. Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of a plant called E-Coca. E-Coca, a bushy shrub native to South American countries at high altitudes. Cocaine is the primary alkaloid in these leaves. In addition, Sigmund Freud, the famous psychoanalyst, used cocaine to treat many of his patients, later he himself became an addict. Cocaine was found to have a numbing effect, therefore it was introduced as an anesthetic by Carl Koller. Cocaine use fell off for various reasons, before it reemerged in the late 1970s. Though touted as the perfect drug, it has ruined many lives. Next, lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as (LSD) was created in 1943 by Albert Hofmann. This drug gained huge popularity in the 1960s. Hofmanns description of his experience while testing the drug was a pleasant intoxication-like feeling that extremely stimulated his imagination. His experience of uninterrupted stream of pictures, extraordinary shapes with kaleidoscopic play of colors lasted about six hours. Later, LSD was extensively studied by the military in the 1950s and finally outlawed in 1967. Other common drugs that are different in name but similar in origin are opium and heroin. Opium is thought to be 6000 years old, where heroin was created in 1874 and was originally marketed as a safe, non-addicted substitute for morphine. However, it was quickly noted that heroin also produce dependency very quickly in some individuals. Because of that, heroin and opiates were made illegal in 1920 with the dangerous drugs act. Phencyclidine commonly known as (PCP) was developed in 1926 as a surgical anesthetic. Its developers hoped it would prove safe and effective, but early researchers decided it is not much of neither and it sat on a shelf until 1957. This drug is currently illegal in the United States as well. Lastly, there is the drug labeled amphetamine. Amphetamines are divided into three basic groupsmethamphetamine, dexamphetamines, and Benzedrine. These drugs are commonly known as speed, meth, crank, crystal, and ice. In 1887, they were synthesized in Germanyin search of curing disease. In the late 1920s, the drug was seriously investigated as a cure and treatment against nearly everything from depression to decongestion. Today these drugs are generally used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder also known as (ADHD). In closing of my speech, I would like to quote Dr. Alfred Burger from the New England Journal of Medicine by stating, Drugs are chemical compounds that modify the way the body and mind work. Additionally, the word drug has acquired bad connotations in recent years due to the fact that society takes something good and turns into something bad, this has ultimately become a serious sociological problem. Bibliography Annas, George, J. Reefer MadnessThe Federal Response to Californias Medical Marijuana Law. The New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 337, No. 6. Aug1997. Legal Issues in Medicine. 4 Mar 2000 Blum, Jeffrey. Re: United States Vs. Anderson, CR-89-210E. 4 Mar 2000

Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Critical Thinking - Essay Example Excessive bureaucracy demotivates employees because set regulations affect creativity. Employees in a bureaucratic organisation execute their specific tasks as directed by their managers. At times, employees are right regarding a certain work, but their employers insists that they continue with their tasks without any alteration. This restriction prevents employees from developing other measures of executing the tasks consequently minimizing employee’s creativity. Additionally, this restriction tends to demotivate employees largely because they feel that the organisation does not support their noble ideas that are beneficial towards accomplishment of various tasks. Additionally, the hierarchical authority associated with bureaucracy implies that employees lack the capacity to share their personal views towards decision-making because of the set up (Daft & Marcic, 2006). There is a high probability of killing ideas because they originate from the wrong individual. Consequently, ideas may gain support because they originate from the top management. Additionally, there is a perception that the management is always right This situation makes employees feel that the management distorts data to ensure that performance looks better, though it is not. Additionally, there is interference of internal communications among employees with the intention of reflecting what the organisation wants to be as opposed to what it really is. The overall effect is denial that leads to mistakes within an organisation. There is a tendency of the management to deny responsibilities for these mistakes or failures and may opt to blame some employees (Daft & Marcic, 2006). Additionally, the perceived desires of the management determine decision-making instead of involving employees. This approach makes the top management insulated from reality. Consequently, they opt to